Paulomi Bhatt

Faculty

Mimi Bhatt headshot

Paulomi Bhatt

PhD MPH CNM

Assistant Professor

1 212 998 5312

433 FIRST AVENUE
NEW YORK, NY 10010
United States

Paulomi Bhatt's additional information

Mimi (Paulomi) Bhatt, PhD, MPH, CNM, is Assistant Professor at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing. She is a theorist, educator, researcher, and certified nurse-midwife. Her work explores the potential of integrated models of midwifery care in creating health equity in historically disenfranchised communities. She is trained in utilizing critical feminist theory, as theorized by Black and brown feminist scholars, and qualitative research methods as a means to implement policy and programming rooted in critical feminist and anti-oppression frameworks. As a researcher, she hopes to generate midwifery knowledge as a tool to build equity and liberation for marginalized and minoritized people and grow the profession of midwifery.

For the last decade, Prof. Bhatt has been a practicing midwife, serving childbearing women and families, within the largest public health network in the nation. She continues to provide clinical care as a full-scope midwife working in a collaborative midwife-physician practice setting, within the largest municipal hospital system in the nation, NYC Health + Hospitals. 

Bhatt is an active member of the midwifery community locally, nationally, and globally. She was recently appointed to serve as a member of the Americas Regional Committee of the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) as a research expert.  Locally, she serves on the New York City Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee and is an active member of the Brooklyn Borough President Maternal Health Taskforce Midwifery Committee.  She has received various awards including the Johnson & Johnson Minority Faculty Award and the Jonas Nurse Leaders Scholar Award. Bhatt was the first certified nurse-midwife to sit on the Board of Directors of the National Association of Certified Professional Midwives (NACPM). She earned her PhD in Nursing Theory, her M.P.H in Global Health Leadership and holds a BA in Comparative Literature and English Education. She received postdoctoral training under the mentorship of Dr. Saraswathi Vedam, at the Birth Place Lab at the University of British Columbia – Vancouver, a leader in community-based participatory collaborative research on respectful maternity care. She was a Provost postdoctoral fellow at NYU under the mentorship of Prof. Audrey Lyndon - a nationally recognized qualitative researcher and leader on quality and safety in maternity care. She grew up as a first-generation immigrant in Queens, NY, is mothers to two young adults, and honors her mother’s legacy as a nurse-midwife in India.

PhD, NYU Meyers
MSN, Frontier Nursing University
MPH, NYU School of Global Public Health
BSN, NYU Steinhardt School of Education
BA, NYU College of Arts & Science
Birth Equity and Reproductive Freedom
Feminist Theory and Praxis
Health Services Research
Midwifery
Public and Global Health
Qualitative Research

Faculty Honors Awards

NYU University-wide Dissertation Award – Allied Health & Social Services (2020)
Presidential Community Service Award, NYU (2019)
Minority Faculty Nurse Scholar Award, Johnson & Johnson/American Academy of Nursing (2019)
Ellen D. Baer Doctoral Nursing Scholarship, NYU (2019)
Global Research Institute Fellowship – NYU – Paris, FR. (2019)
Pauline Greenidge Doctoral Nursing Scholarship, New York University (2019)
NYC Midwives Community Research Grant Award (2018)
Carrington-Hsia-Nieves Doctoral Scholarship for Midwives of Color, American College of Nurse-Midwives (2018)
Herman Biggs Health Policy Fellow, The Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation (2018)
Nurse Leader-Scholar Awardee, Jonas Center (2018)
Conference Award, NYU Student Senators Council (2018)
Minority Faculty Nurse Scholar Award, Johnson & Johnson/American Academy of Nursing (2018)
Minority Faculty Nurse Scholar Award, Johnson & Johnson/American Academy of Nursing (2017)
Conference Award, NYU Student Senators Council (2017)
Women’s Leadership Initiative – Selected Participant, NYU (2017)
Nurse Leader-Scholar Awardee, Jonas Center (2017)
Herman Biggs Health Policy Fellow, The Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation (2017)
Minority Faculty Nurse Scholar Award, Johnson & Johnson/American Academy of Nursing (2016)
Nurse Leader-Scholar Awardee, Jonas Center (2016)
Conference Award, NYU Student Senators Council (2016)
NYC Midwives Research Grant Award (2014)
Assistantship Awardee, Evidence-Based Birth Research (2014)
Arronson Foundation Scholarship, FNU (2009)
International Midwifery Scholarship, FNU (2008)

Publications

Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorder and Reproductive Justice : Examining Unmet Needs for Mental Health and Social Services in a National Cohort

Taiwo, T. K., Goode, K., Niles, P. M., Stoll, K., Malhotra, N., Vedam, S., & Bhatt, P. (2024). In Health Equity (Vols. 8, Issue 1, pp. 76-86). 10.1089/heq.2022.0207
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) are the most common complications during the perinatal period. There is limited understanding of the gaps between need and provision of comprehensive health services for childbearing people, especially among racialized populations. Methods: The Giving Voice to Mothers Study (GVtM; n = 2700), led by a multistakeholder, Steering Council, captured experiences of engaging with perinatal services across the United States, including access, respectful care, and health systems’ responsiveness. A patient-designed survey included variables to assess relationships between race, care provider type (midwife or doctor), and needs for psychosocial health services. We calculated summary statistics and tested for significant differences across racialized groups, subsequently reporting odds ratios (ORs) for each group. Results: Among all respondents, 11% (n = 274) reported unmet needs for social and mental health services. Indigenous women were three times as likely to have unmet needs for treatment for depression (OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 3.1 [1.5–6.5]) or mental health counseling (OR [95% CI]: 2.8 [1.5–5.4]), followed by Black women (OR [95% CI]: 1.8 [1.2–2.8] and 2.4 [1.7–3.4]). Odds of postpartum screening for PMAD were significantly lower for Latina women (OR [95% CI] = 0.6 [0.4–0.8]). Those with midwife providers were significantly more likely to report screening for anxiety or depression (OR [95% CI] = 1.81 [1.45–2.23]) than those with physician providers. Discussion: We found significant unmet need for mental health screening and treatment in the United States. Our results confirm racial disparities in referrals to social services and highlight differences across provider types. We discuss barriers to the integration of assessments and interventions for PMAD into routine perinatal services. Implications: We propose incentivizing reimbursement schema for screening and treatment programs; for community-based organizations that provide mental health and social services; and for culture-centered midwife-led perinatal and birth centers. Addressing these gaps is essential to reproductive justice.

Taiwo TK, Goode K, Niles PM, Stoll K, Malhotra N, Vedam S. Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorder and Reproductive Justice: Examining Unmet Needs for Mental Health and Social Services in a National Cohort.  2024 Jan 4;8(1):3-13PMCID: PMC10797170.

Khemet, T., Goode, K., Bhatt, P., Stoll, K., Malhotra, N., & Vedam, S. (2024). In Health Equity. (Vols. 8, Issue 1, pp. 3-13).
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) are the most common complications during the perinatal period. There is limited understanding of the gaps between need and provision of comprehensive health services for childbearing people, especially among racialized populations. Methods: The Giving Voice to Mothers Study (GVtM; n=2700), led by a multistakeholder, Steering Council, captured experiences of engaging with perinatal services, including access, respectful care, and health systems' responsiveness across the United States. A patient-designed survey included variables to assess relationships between race, care provider type (midwife or doctor), and needs for psychosocial health services. We calculated summary statistics and tested for significant differences across racialized groups, subsequently reporting odds ratios (ORs) for each group. Results: Among all respondents, 11% (n=274) reported unmet needs for social and mental health services. Indigenous women were three times as likely to have unmet needs for treatment for depression (OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 3.1 [1.5–6.5]) or mental health counseling (OR [95% CI]: 2.8 [1.5–5.4]), followed by Black women (OR [95% CI]: 1.8 [1.2–2.8] and 2.4 [1.7–3.4]). Odds of postpartum screening for PMAD were significantly lower for Latina women (OR [95% CI]=0.6 [0.4–0.8]). Those with midwife providers were significantly more likely to report screening for anxiety or depression (OR [95% CI]=1.81 [1.45–2.23]) than those with physician providers. Discussion: We found significant unmet need for mental health screening and treatment in the United States. Our results confirm racial disparities in referrals to social services and highlight differences across provider types. We discuss barriers to the integration of assessments and interventions for PMAD into routine perinatal services. Implications: We propose incentivizing reimbursement schema for screening and treatment programs; for community-based organizations that provide mental health and social services; and for culture-centered midwife-led perinatal and birth centers. Addressing these gaps is essential to reproductive justice. Keywords: pregnancy, disparities, maternal mental health, person-centered care, reproductive justice, perinatal mood disorders

“We don’t really address the trauma” : Patients’ Perspectives on Postpartum Care Needs after Severe Maternal Morbidities

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Between “a lot of room for it” and “it doesn't exist”—Advancing and limiting factors of autonomy in birth as perceived by perinatal care practitioners : An interview study in Switzerland

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Examining respect, autonomy, and mistreatment in childbirth in the US : do provider type and place of birth matter?

Niles, P. M., Baumont, M., Malhotra, N., Stoll, K., Strauss, N., Lyndon, A., Vedam, S., & Bhatt, P. (2023). In Reproductive Health (Vols. 20, Issue 1). 10.1186/s12978-023-01584-1
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Analyses of factors that determine quality of perinatal care consistently rely on clinical markers, while failing to assess experiential outcomes. Understanding how model of care and birth setting influence experiences of respect, autonomy, and decision making, is essential for comprehensive assessment of quality. Methods: We examined responses (n = 1771) to an online cross-sectional national survey capturing experiences of perinatal care in the United States. We used validated patient-oriented measures and scales to assess four domains of experience: (1) decision-making, (2) respect, (3) mistreatment, and (4) time spent during visits. We categorized the provider type and birth setting into three groups: midwife at community birth, midwife at hospital-birth, and physician at hospital-birth. For each group, we used multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, to estimate the odds of experiential outcomes in all the four domains. Results: Compared to those cared for by physicians in hospitals, individuals cared for by midwives in community settings had more than five times the odds of experiencing higher autonomy (aOR: 5.22, 95% CI: 3.65–7.45), higher respect (aOR: 5.39, 95% CI: 3.72–7.82) and lower odds of mistreatment (aOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.10–0.26). We found significant differences across birth settings: participants cared for by midwives in the community settings had significantly better experiential outcomes than those in the hospital settings: high- autonomy (aOR: 2.97, 95% CI: 2.66–4.27), respect (aOR: 4.15, 95% CI: 2.81–6.14), mistreatment (aOR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.11–0.34), time spent (aOR: 8.06, 95% CI: 4.26–15.28). Conclusion: Participants reported better experiential outcomes when cared for by midwives than by physicians. And for those receiving midwifery care, the quality of experiential outcomes was significantly higher in community settings than in hospital settings. Care settings matter and structures of hospital-based care may impair implementation of the person-centered midwifery care model.

Measuring midwives' perceptions of their practice climate across racial-ethnic identities : An invariance analysis of the Midwifery Practice Climate Scale

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The value of including reproductive justice into nursing curricula

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Advancing quality and safety of perinatal services in India : opportunities for effective midwifery integration

Vedam, S., Titoria, R., Niles, P., Stoll, K., Kumar, V., Baswal, D., Mayra, K., Kaur, I., Hardtman, P., & Bhatt, P. (2022). In Health Policy and Planning (Vols. 37, Issues 8, pp. 1042-1063). 10.1093/heapol/czac032
Abstract
Abstract
India has made significant progress in improving maternal and child health. However, there are persistent disparities in maternal and child morbidity and mortality in many communities. Mistreatment of women in childbirth and gender-based violence are common and reduce women's sense of safety. Recently, the Government of India committed to establishing a specialized midwifery cadre: Nurse Practitioners in Midwifery (NPMs). Integration of NPMs into the current health system has the potential to increase respectful maternity care, reduce unnecessary interventions, and improve resource allocation, ultimately improving maternal-newborn outcomes. To synthesize the evidence on effective midwifery integration, we conducted a desk review of peer-reviewed articles, reports and regulatory documents describing models of practice, organization of health services and lessons learned from other countries. We also interviewed key informants in India who described the current state of the healthcare system, opportunities, and anticipated challenges to establishing a new cadre of midwives. Using an intersectional feminist theoretical framework, we triangulated the findings from the desk review with interview data to identify levers for change and recommendations. Findings from the desk review highlight that benefits of midwifery on outcomes and experience link to models of midwifery care, and limited scope of practice and prohibitive practice settings are threats to successful integration. Interviews with key informants affirm the importance of meeting global standards for practice, education, inter-professional collaboration and midwifery leadership. Key informants noted that the expansion of respectful maternity care and improved outcomes will depend on the scope and model of practice for the cadre. Domains needing attention include building professional identity; creating a robust, sustainable education system; addressing existing inter-professional issues and strengthening referral and quality monitoring systems. Public and professional education on midwifery roles and scope of practice, improved regulatory conditions and enabling practice environments will be key to successful integration of midwives in India.

Childbearing at the margins: A systematic metasynthesis of sexual and gender diverse childbearing experiences

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Honoring Asian diversity by collecting Asian subpopulation data in health research

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